Figures named in the text, with the fields the source records. All claims are labelled by type and confidence; "not stated" where the text is silent.
Profiles · 14 figures
Yeshua(Jesus)
See full bio inMatthew
In LukeThe central figure, announced by Gavriel (Gabriel) to Miryam (Mary) — "you will conceive… and will call his name Yeshua" (1:31), "Son of the Most High," heir to "the throne of David his father" (1:32-33), conceived by the holy wind/spirit (1:35). His coming is greeted by the leaping of the unborn Yochanan (John) and Elisheva (Elizabeth)'s blessing (1:41-45). Born in Beit-Lechem (Bethlehem), the city of David, laid in a feeding-trough (2:6-7); announced to shepherds as "a savior… Messiah, Lord" (2:11); circumcised and named on the eighth day (2:21); presented in the temple, where Shimon (Simeon) sings over him and Channah (Anna) gives thanks (2:25-38); at twelve found among the teachers, "in the things of my Father" (2:41-49). Immersed and praying, the sky opens, the wind/spirit descends, and a voice from heaven says "You are my son, the beloved" (3:21-22). The genealogy traces him, "as was supposed" the son of Yosef (Joseph), back through David and Avraham (Abraham) to Adam, "of God" (3:23-38). The canonical bio fields (birth, parents, profession, death by crucifixion) live in matthew/PEOPLE.md; this entry adds the Luke-specific narrative role and the ascending genealogy (see the table below).
Yochanan the Immerser(John the Baptist)
See full bio inMatthew
In LukeLuke alone narrates his conception and birth. Announced by Gavriel (Gabriel) to his father, the priest Zecharyah (Zechariah), in the temple (1:11-20): he will be great before the Lord, filled with the holy wind/spirit from the womb, abstaining from wine and strong drink, going before the Lord "in the spirit and power of Eliyahu (Elijah)" (1:13-17). Conceived by the aged, formerly barren Elisheva (Elizabeth) (1:24); leaps in his mother's womb at Miryam (Mary)'s greeting (1:41, 44); born, circumcised, and named "Yochanan" against the family's expectation, loosing his father's tongue (1:57-66); grows and stays in the wilderness (1:80). In Luke 3 "the word of God came upon" him (3:2); he proclaims an immersion of repentance for the release of sins, preaches concrete ethics to crowds, tax-collectors, and soldiers (3:7-14), points beyond himself to a "stronger one" (3:15-17), and is shut in prison by Herodes (Herod) the tetrarch (3:19-20). The canonical bio fields (lineage, lifestyle, death under Antipas) live in matthew/PEOPLE.md; this entry adds the Luke-specific role.
Miryam(Mary)
See full bio inMatthew
In LukeFar more prominent than in Matthew. A virgin of Natzeret (Nazareth) betrothed to Yosef (Joseph), addressed by Gavriel (Gabriel) as the "having-been-favored one" (1:28); she questions ("How will this be?") and consents — "may it happen to me according to your word" (1:34-38). She visits Elisheva (Elizabeth) and sings the Magnificat (1:46-55). She bears Yeshua (Jesus) in Beit-Lechem (Bethlehem) (2:7), "treasures" and "ponders" the shepherds' report (2:19), hears Shimon (Simeon)'s words that "a sword will pass through your own soul" (2:35), and at the temple again "kept all these matters in her heart" (2:51). The canonical bio fields live in matthew/PEOPLE.md; this entry adds the Luke-specific role — in Luke she speaks and acts as an agent, the narrative's center in chapters 1–2.
Zecharyah(Zechariah)
MeaningHebrew זְכַרְיָה (Zecharyah), "YHWH remembers"; Greek Ζαχαρίας
OriginPriest of the division of Aviyah, married to Elisheva (Elizabeth)
Familiar nameZechariah
ProfessionPriest (hiereus) of the eighth priestly division, Aviyah (1:5, 8-9)
Hometownthe hill country of Yehudah (Judah) (cf. 1:39, 65)
First mentionLuke 1:5
Mentioned inLuke 1:5-25, 57-79; 3:2 (named as Yochanan/John's father)
Key events in Luke 1–3Serving in the temple, chosen by lot to burn incense, he is visited by Gavriel (Gabriel) and told that Elisheva will bear a son to be named Yochanan (1:8-17); he doubts ("By what will I know this? For I am old") and is struck mute as a sign (1:18-22); after the birth he writes "John is his name," his speech returns, and he prophesies the Benedictus (1:62-79), blessing the Lord for a "horn of salvation" in David's house and naming his son the prophet of the Most High.
Spouse(s)Elisheva (Elizabeth)
ChildrenYochanan (John) the Immerser (1:13, 57)
Archaeological evidenceNo direct archaeological evidence for the individual.
Extra-biblical mentionsNot attested outside the NT; not to be confused with the prophet Zechariah (the book) or the Zechariah son of Berechiah named at Luke 11:51 / Matt 23:35.
Historicity statusUNCERTAIN
Books appearing inLuke
Character arcA righteous, blameless priest whose long-prayed-for son arrives in old age; his doubt earns nine months of silence, broken into prophecy at the naming — moving from disbelief to praise.
NoteHis muteness (and possible deafness, implied by the signs made to him at 1:62) is both the requested "sign" and a discipline for unbelief; his question (1:18) is deliberately contrasted with Miryam (Mary)'s inquiry (1:34).
Elisheva(Elizabeth)
MeaningHebrew אֱלִישֶׁבַע (Elisheva), "my God is an oath" / "God is fullness" — the name of Aharon (Aaron)'s wife (Ex 6:23); Greek Ἐλισάβετ
OriginOf the daughters of Aharon (Aaron) — priestly descent; wife of Zecharyah (Zechariah)
Familiar nameElizabeth
Professionnot stated (wife of a priest)
Hometownthe hill country of Yehudah (Judah) (1:39-40)
First mentionLuke 1:5
Mentioned inLuke 1:5-7, 13, 24-25, 36, 40-45, 57-61
Key events in Luke 1–3Righteous and blameless but barren and advanced in years (1:6-7); conceives in old age and stays hidden five months, declaring the Lord has "taken away my disgrace" (1:24-25); at Miryam (Mary)'s greeting her baby leaps and she is filled with the holy wind/spirit, blessing Mary as "the mother of my lord" (1:41-45); bears a son and insists, against the relatives, on the name Yochanan (John) (1:57-60).
Spouse(s)Zecharyah (Zechariah)
ChildrenYochanan (John) the Immerser (1:57)
Archaeological evidenceNo direct archaeological evidence.
Extra-biblical mentionsNot attested outside the NT. Luke 1:36 calls her Mary's "relative" (syngenis); the exact kinship is unstated ("cousin" is later tradition).
Historicity statusUNCERTAIN
Books appearing inLuke
Character arcA barren-then-blessed mother in the line of Sarah and Channah (Hannah); her joy and her wind/spirit-filled blessing of Mary make her the first human to recognize the unborn Yeshua (Jesus).
NoteThe barren-wife reversal (1:7, 25) deliberately echoes Sarah (Gen 18), Rachel (Gen 30:23), and Channah (Hannah, 1 Sam 1).
Gavriel(Gabriel)
MeaningHebrew גַּבְרִיאֵל (Gavriel), "God is my strength" / "man of God"; Greek Γαβριήλ
OriginAn angelic messenger (angelos), "the one standing before God" (1:19)
Familiar nameGabriel
ProfessionMessenger / interpreting angel (cf. Daniel 8:16; 9:21)
First mentionLuke 1:11 (as "a messenger of the Lord"); named at 1:19
Mentioned inLuke 1:11-20, 26-38
Key events in Luke 1–3Appears to Zecharyah (Zechariah) in the temple to announce Yochanan (John)'s birth and self-identifies — "I am Gabriel, the one standing before God" (1:19); announces to muteness Zechariah for his unbelief (1:20); six months later is sent to Miryam (Mary) in Natzeret (Nazareth) to announce the conception of Yeshua (Jesus) by the holy wind/spirit (1:26-38).
Archaeological evidenceNot applicable (angelic figure).
Extra-biblical mentionsDaniel 8:16; 9:21 (the interpreting messenger); extensive Second Temple angelology (1 Enoch, the Qumran texts) names Gabriel among the chief angels.
Historicity statusLITERARY
Books appearing inLuke; Daniel
Character arcThe same named messenger frames both annunciations; he draws the John/Yeshua parallel and, by his rebuke of Zechariah and gentleness toward Mary, sharpens the doubt-versus-faith contrast.
Note (Rule 30)Gavriel (Gabriel) is an angelos, a messenger — not God. His speech is therefore rendered in ordinary quotation marks, NOT the `…` divine-speech markers. Only God's/the wind-spirit's direct speech is divine-marked (e.g. the voice from heaven, 3:22). See luke.md L-001.
Yosef(Joseph)
MeaningHebrew יוֹסֵף (Yosef), "he adds" / "may he add" (Gen 30:24); Greek Ἰωσήφ
OriginA man of Natzeret (Nazareth), "of the house and family of David" (1:27; 2:4)
Familiar nameJoseph
Professionnot stated in Luke (a craftsman per Matt 13:55, outside Luke's scope)
HometownNatzeret (Nazareth) of the Galilee (2:4); travels to Beit-Lechem (Bethlehem), his ancestral city of David
First mentionLuke 1:27
Mentioned inLuke 1:27; 2:4-5, 16, 22-24, 33, 39, 41-51; 3:23
Key events in Luke 1–3Betrothed to Miryam (Mary) (1:27; 2:5); travels from Nazareth to Beit-Lechem for the census because he is of David's line (2:4-5); present at the birth and the shepherds' visit (2:16); brings the child to the temple for the purification and presentation (2:22-24), marveling at Shimon (Simeon)'s words (2:33); searches three days for the twelve-year-old Yeshua (Jesus) in Jerusalem (2:43-48); named at the head of the genealogy — Yeshua "being a son — as was supposed — of Yosef (Joseph)" (3:23).
Spouse(s)Miryam (Mary) (betrothed, 1:27; 2:5)
ChildrenYeshua (Jesus) (legally, 2:5-7, 33, 48); the genealogy is reckoned through him (3:23)
Archaeological evidenceNo direct archaeological evidence.
Extra-biblical mentionsNot in Josephus; later apocryphal traditions (Protevangelium of James) elaborate his role.
Historicity statusUNCERTAIN
Books appearing inLuke; Matthew; John 1:45; 6:42
Character arcThe Davidic-line husband through whom the journey to Bethlehem (and so the genealogy) runs; in Luke he is "father" in the parents' own speech (2:48), while the narrator hedges biological paternity with "as was supposed" (3:23).
NoteLuke's genealogy names Yosef (Joseph)'s father as Eli (3:23), where Matthew 1:16 reads Ya'aqov (Jacob) — a long-standing crux (see the genealogy note below).
Shimon(Simeon)
MeaningHebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (Shimon), "he has heard"; Greek Συμεών
OriginA man of Yerushalayim (Jerusalem), "righteous and devout" (2:25)
Familiar nameSimeon
Professionnot stated; a devout man awaiting "the consolation of Israel," with the holy wind/spirit upon him (2:25-27)
HometownYerushalayim (Jerusalem) (2:25)
First mentionLuke 2:25
Mentioned inLuke 2:25-35
Key events in Luke 1–3Promised by the holy wind/spirit that he would not die before seeing "the Messiah of the Lord" (2:26); led into the temple, he takes the child Yeshua (Jesus) in his arms and sings the Nunc Dimittis — "my eyes saw your salvation… a light for revelation of the nations" (2:28-32); blesses the parents and tells Miryam (Mary) that the child is "set for the falling and rising of many in Israel" and that "a sword will pass through your own soul" (2:34-35).
Archaeological evidenceNo direct archaeological evidence.
Extra-biblical mentionsNot attested outside the NT.
Historicity statusUNCERTAIN
Books appearing inLuke
Character arcThe faithful remnant of Israel personified; having waited for consolation, he recognizes salvation in an infant, then voices the first warning of the cross and of Mary's grief.
Note (Rule 30)Shimon (Simeon)'s words — both the Nunc Dimittis (2:29-32) and the oracle to Mary (2:34-35) — are human speech, not divine-marked; the canticle is rendered as flowing prose (luke.md L-002). He addresses God as despotēs ("Master"), not kyrios.
Channah(Anna)
MeaningHebrew חַנָּה (Channah), "favor" / "grace" — the name of Shemu'el (Samuel)'s mother (1 Sam 1); Greek Ἅννα
OriginA prophetess, daughter of Penuel, of the tribe of Asher (2:36)
Familiar nameAnna
ProfessionProphetess (prophētis); a widow serving in the temple with fasting and prayer night and day (2:36-37)
Hometownresident in the temple at Yerushalayim (Jerusalem) (2:37)
First mentionLuke 2:36
Mentioned inLuke 2:36-38
Key events in Luke 1–3Very old — widowed after seven years of marriage, then a widow "until eighty-four years" — she never leaves the temple (2:36-37); arriving at the very hour Shimon (Simeon) speaks, she gives thanks to God and speaks of the child "to all who were awaiting the redemption of Yerushalayim (Jerusalem)" (2:38).
Spouse(s)an unnamed husband, with whom she lived seven years (2:36)
Childrennone stated
Archaeological evidenceNo direct archaeological evidence.
Extra-biblical mentionsNot attested outside the NT.
Historicity statusUNCERTAIN
Books appearing inLuke
Character arcThe female prophetic witness paired with Simeon; in the line of Miryam, Devorah, and Chuldah, she becomes the first to proclaim the child to the expectant remnant.
NoteHer father's name Penuel (Phanouēl) means "face of God" (Gen 32:31); her own name Channah ties the temple scene again to Channah (Hannah), mother of Shemu'el (Samuel). "Eighty-four" may be her age or the length of her widowhood — the Greek allows both.
Caesar Augustus
Meaning"Augustus" (Latin Augustus, "venerable, exalted") — an honorific title, not a birth name
OriginGaius Octavius (Octavian), grand-nephew and heir of Julius Caesar
Familiar nameCaesar Augustus
Full designationImperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus, first Roman emperor (r. 27 BCE – 14 CE)
ProfessionRoman emperor (princeps)
First mentionLuke 2:1
Mentioned inLuke 2:1
Key events in Luke 1–3Issues the census decree "to register all the inhabited world" (2:1) that brings Yosef (Joseph) and the pregnant Miryam (Mary) to Beit-Lechem (Bethlehem) — the imperial backdrop against which the true king is born unnoticed.
Archaeological evidenceEXTENSIVE — coins, inscriptions (the Res Gestae Divi Augusti), statuary, and architecture across the empire; one of the best-documented figures of antiquity.
Extra-biblical mentionsSuetonius, Divus Augustus; Cassius Dio; Tacitus; Augustus's own Res Gestae; Josephus.
Historicity statusVERIFIED
Books appearing inLuke
Character arcAppears only as the distant author of the census decree; his imperial honorifics (sōtēr, "savior"; "lord") stand in deliberate contrast to the savior announced to the shepherds (2:11).
Quirinius
MeaningLatin family name (Publius Sulpicius Quirinius)
OriginRoman senator and military commander
Familiar nameQuirinius
ProfessionRoman governor / legate of the province of Syria
First mentionLuke 2:2
Mentioned inLuke 2:2
Key events in Luke 1–3Named as governing Syria when "this registration was the first" took place (2:2).
Archaeological evidenceAttested in Roman inscriptions and by Josephus; his known census of Judea fell c. 6 CE.
Extra-biblical mentionsJosephus, Antiquities 17–18 (the census of 6 CE); Tacitus, Annals 3.48; the Lapis Tiburtinus (debated).
Historicity statusVERIFIED (individual); the dating in Luke 2:2 is a recognized crux
Books appearing inLuke
Character arcA purely chronological marker — but a contested one: his documented census (c. 6 CE) falls roughly a decade after Herod the Great's death (4 BCE), under whom Luke 1:5 sets John's conception.
NoteThe Quirinius dating problem (2:2) is flagged for review (Rule 13); prōtē ("first") admits the comparative reading "before Quirinius governed." See Luke 2 §A1.
Tiberius Caesar(Tiberius)
MeaningLatin praenomen (Tiberius Caesar Augustus; born Tiberius Claudius Nero)
OriginStepson and successor of Caesar Augustus
Familiar nameTiberius
ProfessionRoman emperor (r. 14 – 37 CE)
First mentionLuke 3:1
Mentioned inLuke 3:1
Key events in Luke 1–3His "fifteenth year" dates the start of Yochanan (John)'s ministry (3:1) — the anchor of Luke's sixfold synchronism.
Archaeological evidenceEXTENSIVE — coins, inscriptions, statuary.
Extra-biblical mentionsTacitus, Annals 1–6; Suetonius, Tiberius; Cassius Dio; Josephus.
Historicity statusVERIFIED
Books appearing inLuke (named); referenced indirectly elsewhere (the "Caesar" of the tribute question)
Character arcA dating reference only; the "fifteenth year" admits more than one reckoning (3:1, flagged for review).
Pontius Pilate
MeaningRoman name (Pontius, family name; Pilatus, cognomen)
OriginRoman of the equestrian order
Familiar namePontius Pilate
ProfessionRoman prefect/governor of Judea (26 – 36 CE)
First mentionLuke 3:1
Mentioned inLuke 3:1 (named in the synchronism); his governing role is developed later in Luke (ch. 23)
Key events in Luke 1–3Named "governing Yehudah (Judea)" in the dating formula for John's ministry (3:1).
Archaeological evidenceVERIFIED — the "Pilate Stone" from Caesarea Maritima (1961) names him as prefect of Judea; coins of his prefecture are known.
Extra-biblical mentionsJosephus, Antiquities 18 and War 2; Philo, Embassy to Gaius 38; Tacitus, Annals 15.44 (Christ executed under Pilate).
Historicity statusVERIFIED
Books appearing inLuke; Matthew; Mark; John; Acts; 1 Timothy 6:13
Character arcIn Luke 1–3 a chronological marker only; his role in the passion is outside this scope.
Herodes (Herod) the tetrarch(Herod Antipas)
Meaning"heroic" (Greek Ἡρῴδης) — here Herod Antipas
OriginSon of Herod the Great; tetrarch under Roman authority
Familiar nameHerod Antipas
ProfessionTetrarch of the Galilee and Peraea (r. 4 BCE – 39 CE)
First mentionLuke 3:1
Mentioned inLuke 3:1, 19-20
Key events in Luke 1–3Named in the synchronism as "tetrarch of the Galilee" (3:1); reproved by Yochanan (John) over Herodias, his brother's wife, and "all the evils that Herod had done," he adds to them by shutting John in prison (3:19-20).
Archaeological evidenceAttested — coins of Antipas; the city of Tiberias he founded.
Extra-biblical mentionsJosephus, Antiquities 18.116-119 (John's execution at Machaerus), 18.240-256 (Antipas's exile).
Historicity statusVERIFIED
Books appearing inLuke; Matthew; Mark; Acts 4:27; 13:1
Character arcThe ruler who silences the prophet; Luke narrates the imprisonment proleptically, removing John before the baptism so the focus falls on Yeshua (Jesus).
NoteDistinct from his father, Herod the Great (Luke 1:5; full entry in matthew/PEOPLE.md), and from Herod Philip his brother (3:1). "Herodias" and the tetrarchs Philippos (Philip) and Lysanias are named only in passing in Luke 1–3.
Genealogy tables
Luke 3:23-38 Genealogy
Luke's genealogy **ascends** from Yeshua (Jesus) to Adam to God — the reverse of Matthew's descending list (Matt 1:1-17). It runs ~76 names from Yeshua up to "of God." For names with a familiar English form, the Familiar gloss is given once; names without a distinct familiar form appear in transliteration only. Cross-book entries: the patriarchs (Adam → the Shem line) have their canonical biographies in **genesis/PEOPLE.md**; the David line connects to **matthew/PEOPLE.md** (the see-only stubs above cover the three major figures — Yeshua, Yochanan, Miryam).
| # | Name (Familiar) | Reference | Canonical home |
|---|---|---|---|
| — | Yeshua (Jesus) | 3:23 | matthew/PEOPLE.md (see-stub above) |
| 1 | Yosef (Joseph) | 3:23 | luke/PEOPLE.md (full entry above) |
| 2 | Eli | 3:23 | — |
| 3 | Mattat | 3:24 | — |
| 4 | Levi | 3:24 | — |
| 5 | Melchi | 3:24 | — |
| 6 | Yannai | 3:24 | — |
| 7 | Yosef | 3:24 | — |
| 8 | Mattityahu | 3:25 | — |
| 9 | Amos | 3:25 | — (a personal name, not the prophet) |
| 10 | Nachum | 3:25 | — |
| 11 | Chesli | 3:25 | — |
| 12 | Naggai | 3:25 | — |
| 13 | Mahat | 3:26 | — |
| 14 | Mattityahu | 3:26 | — |
| 15 | Shim'i | 3:26 | — |
| 16 | Yosef | 3:26 | — |
| 17 | Yodah | 3:26 | — |
| 18 | Yochanan | 3:27 | — |
| 19 | Reisha | 3:27 | — |
| 20 | Zerubbavel | 3:27 | — (cf. Matt 1:12; Ezra/Haggai) |
| 21 | She'altiel | 3:27 | — (cf. Matt 1:12) |
| 22 | Neri | 3:27 | — |
| 23 | Melchi | 3:28 | — |
| 24 | Addi | 3:28 | — |
| 25 | Qosam | 3:28 | — |
| 26 | Elmadam | 3:28 | — |
| 27 | Er | 3:28 | — |
| 28 | Yeshua | 3:29 | — (homonym; an ancestor, not the subject) |
| 29 | Eli'ezer | 3:29 | — |
| 30 | Yorim | 3:29 | — |
| 31 | Mattat | 3:29 | — |
| 32 | Levi | 3:29 | — |
| 33 | Shim'on | 3:30 | — |
| 34 | Yehudah (Judah) | 3:30 | — (a personal name here) |
| 35 | Yosef | 3:30 | — |
| 36 | Yonam | 3:30 | — |
| 37 | Elyaqim | 3:30 | — |
| 38 | Mal'ah | 3:31 | — |
| 39 | Mena | 3:31 | — |
| 40 | Mattata | 3:31 | — |
| 41 | Natan | 3:31 | — (David's son; cf. 2 Sam 5:14 — Luke's line, not Solomon's) |
| 42 | David | 3:31 | matthew/PEOPLE.md (full entry; samuel/kings later) |
| 43 | Yishai (Jesse) | 3:32 | — |
| 44 | Oved (Obed) | 3:32 | — |
| 45 | Bo'az (Boaz) | 3:32 | — |
| 46 | Salah | 3:32 | — |
| 47 | Nachshon | 3:32 | — |
| 48 | Amminadav | 3:33 | — |
| 49 | Admin | 3:33 | — (NA28; other witnesses read "Aram") |
| 50 | Arni | 3:33 | — (NA28; other witnesses read "Aram") |
| 51 | Chetsron | 3:33 | — |
| 52 | Perets | 3:33 | genesis/PEOPLE.md context (cf. matthew/PEOPLE.md) |
| 53 | Yehudah (Judah) | 3:33 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 54 | Ya'aqov (Jacob) | 3:34 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 55 | Yitzchak (Isaac) | 3:34 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 56 | Avraham (Abraham) | 3:34 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 57 | Terach (Terah) | 3:34 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 58 | Nachor (Nahor) | 3:34 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 59 | Serug | 3:35 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 60 | Re'u | 3:35 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 61 | Peleg | 3:35 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 62 | Ever | 3:35 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 63 | Shelach | 3:35 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 64 | Qenan (Kenan) | 3:36 | genesis/PEOPLE.md (the LXX-only second Qenan; see note) |
| 65 | Arpakhshad | 3:36 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 66 | Shem | 3:36 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 67 | Noach (Noah) | 3:36 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 68 | Lemekh (Lamech) | 3:36 | genesis/PEOPLE.md (Sethite Lamech) |
| 69 | Metushelach (Methuselah) | 3:37 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 70 | Chanokh (Enoch) | 3:37 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 71 | Yered (Jared) | 3:37 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 72 | Mahalal'el (Mahalalel) | 3:37 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 73 | Qenan (Kenan) | 3:37 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 74 | Enosh | 3:38 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 75 | Shet (Seth) | 3:38 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| 76 | Adam | 3:38 | genesis/PEOPLE.md |
| — | God | 3:38 | (the genitive chain ends "of God"; Adam "son of God" by creation, Gen 1:27; 5:1) |
Sources consulted
• PRIMARY — Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 28th ed. (NA28). All Greek citations and the genealogy follow this edition.
• PRIMARY — Septuaginta (Rahlfs-Hanhart) for the LXX forms of the genealogy and the Isaiah 40 / Genesis 5, 11 background; Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) for Hebrew name etymologies.
• PRIMARY — Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae and Bellum Judaicum (Niese), for Augustus, Tiberius, Quirinius, Pilate, and Herod Antipas.
• PEER-REVIEWED (lexicon) — BDAG, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 3rd ed.; HALOT, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament.
• PEER-REVIEWED (commentary) — Bovon, F., Luke 1 (Hermeneia, 2002); Fitzmyer, J.A., The Gospel According to Luke I–IX (AB, 1981); Marshall, I.H., The Gospel of Luke (NIGTC, 1978).
Editorial provenance: Drafted by Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) on 2026-06-22. Not yet reviewed. This file is a provisional scholarly resource governed by TT Rule 29. Cross-references to genesis/PEOPLE.md and matthew/PEOPLE.md link to existing entries rather than duplicating content; the genealogy divergence from Matthew is flagged for Hellenist review (Rule 13).
• PRIMARY — Septuaginta (Rahlfs-Hanhart) for the LXX forms of the genealogy and the Isaiah 40 / Genesis 5, 11 background; Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) for Hebrew name etymologies.
• PRIMARY — Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae and Bellum Judaicum (Niese), for Augustus, Tiberius, Quirinius, Pilate, and Herod Antipas.
• PEER-REVIEWED (lexicon) — BDAG, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 3rd ed.; HALOT, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament.
• PEER-REVIEWED (commentary) — Bovon, F., Luke 1 (Hermeneia, 2002); Fitzmyer, J.A., The Gospel According to Luke I–IX (AB, 1981); Marshall, I.H., The Gospel of Luke (NIGTC, 1978).
Editorial provenance: Drafted by Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) on 2026-06-22. Not yet reviewed. This file is a provisional scholarly resource governed by TT Rule 29. Cross-references to genesis/PEOPLE.md and matthew/PEOPLE.md link to existing entries rather than duplicating content; the genealogy divergence from Matthew is flagged for Hellenist review (Rule 13).