The Transparent Translation · Genesis

Genesis 1

Provisional

Chapter Overview
What happens: God creates the ordered world in six days. Creation proceeds through divine speech ("and God said"), separation (light/dark, waters above/below, sea/land), population (vegetation, luminaries, creatures, humans), and blessing (fertility, dominion).

Key themes: Order from chaos; creation by speech; the expanse (sky) as cosmic structure; reproduction "to its kind"; humanity in the image of God; vegetarian diet assigned.

Watch for: The refrain "and God saw that good" (6×, then "very good"); the shift from the generic "God" to the personal name YHWH, which does not appear until Chapter 2; the plural "let us make" (1:26); dominion over creatures but not over waters as cosmic domain.

Connection: This chapter establishes the ordered world that Chapter 2 will revisit from a different angle, and that Chapters 6–9 will de-create and re-create through the flood.

Glossary

1In beginning, God created the skies and the land. 2And the land was chaos and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep, and wind/spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters. 3And God said, "Shall be light," and light was. 4And God saw the light, that good, and God separated between the light and between the darkness. 5And God called to the light "Day," and to the darkness he called "Night." And was evening, and was morning, one day.

6And God said, "Shall be a raqia (expanse) within the waters, and it shall be a separator between waters to waters." 7And God made the raqia, and he separated between the waters which were under the raqia and between the waters which were above the raqia. And it was so. 8And God called to the raqia "Sky." And was evening, and was morning, second day.

9And God said, "Shall be gathered the waters from under the sky to one place, and shall be seen the dry ground." And it was so. 10And God called to the dry ground "Land," and to the gathering of the waters he called "Seas." And God saw that good. 11And God said, "Shall grass the land grass, herbs seeding seed, fruit trees making fruit to its kind, which its seed is in it, upon the land." And it was so. 12And the land brought out grass, herbs seeding seed to its kind, and trees making fruit which its seed is in it, to its kind. And God saw that good. 13And was evening, and was morning, third day.

14And God said, "Shall be lights in the raqia, to separate between the day and between the night, and they shall be for signs and for appointed times and for days and years. 15And they shall be for lights in the raqia, to give light upon the land." And it was so. 16And God made the two great lights: the greater light for dominion of the day, and the lesser light for dominion of the night, and the stars. 17And God set them in the raqia, to give light upon the land. 18And to rule in the day and in the night, and to separate between the light and between the darkness. And God saw that good. 19And was evening, and was morning, fourth day.

20And God said, "Shall swarm the waters with swarms of living beings, and birds shall fly over the land, over the face of the raqia." 21And God created the great sea creatures, and every living being, the moving ones which the waters swarmed, to their kinds, and every winged bird to its kind. And God saw that good. 22And God blessed them, saying, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let the birds multiply in the land." 23And was evening, and was morning, fifth day.

24And God said, "Shall bring forth the land living beings to their kind: livestock and creeping things and living things of the land, to their kind." And it was so. 25And God made the living things of the land to their kind, and the livestock to their kind, and every creeping thing of the ground to its kind. And God saw that good. 26And God said, "Let us make a human in our image, according to our likeness, and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the livestock and over all the land and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the land." 27And God created the human in his image; in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. 28And God blessed them, and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the land and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves upon the land." 29And God said, "See, I have given to you every herb seeding seed which is upon the face of all the land, and every tree in which is fruit of a tree seeding seed; to you it shall be for food. 30And to every living thing of the land and to every bird of the sky and to everything creeping upon the land, in which is a living being, every green herb shall be for food." And it was so. 31And God saw all that he had made, and see, it was very good. And was evening, and was morning, the sixth day.

Glossary

אֱלֹהִיםGodPlural form, singular verb
אֶרֶץland"Ground" only when clearly soil
אֲדָמָהground, soilDistinct from eretz
שָׁמַיִםsky, skiesNOT "Heaven"
רָקִיעַraqiaTransliterated; v.8 = sky
מַיִםwaters (default) / water (contextual)Default plural where context is plural-meaningful (separated
רוּחַwind/spiritMay add "breath" in notes
תְהוֹםthe deepAvoid speculation
תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּchaos and voidRare; uncertain meaning
נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּהliving being(s)NOT "soul" philosophically
בָּרָאcreatedDivine creation; v.1, 21, 27
עָשָׂהmadeFormation; v.7, 16, 25
צֶלֶםimagePaired with demut
דְּמוּתlikenessPaired with tselem
אָדָםhumanGeneric; "Adam" when proper
רָדָהhave dominionFunctional rule
כָּבַשׁsubdueAgricultural term