Reading Guide
How the text is marked:
• Words in italics — added for English grammar (not in the Hebrew text)
• raqia — transliterated Hebrew terms kept untranslated (explained in notes)
• wind/spirit — a word the Hebrew leaves open to two meanings, both kept
• "…" — direct speech of God
Notes are tagged by type — Critical · Lexical · Grammatical · Theological — each shown with its colour (see the legend at the top of the Notes view).
Rule 23 (Genre Sensitivity): Narrative prose, not liturgical pattern. The chapter contains no inherited English theological vocabulary ("the Fall," "original sin," "protoevangelium," "Satan") unless Hebrew justifies it — and Hebrew does not.
Adam / Human Policy (Rule 17 standing note): Hebrew אָדָם (adam) continues to render as "the human" throughout Genesis 3, including at the three anarthrous occurrences (3:17, 3:21 — no article in Hebrew). The adam / adamah wordplay is active through the chapter (3:17 cursed ground, 3:19 return to dust, 3:23 working the ground). Transition to proper-name Adam is formally resolved in Genesis 4.
Supplementary — patterns across the chapter
And the serpent was more crafty than every living thing of the field which YHWH Elohim had made. And he said to the woman, "Indeed, has God said, 'You shall not eat from every tree of the garden'?"
• Note per Rule 14: wordplay cannot be rendered in English; flagged here and at 2:25.
• Serpent's question also misstates the command: original (2:16) was "from every tree… eating you shall eat"; serpent inverts to "not from every tree."
And the woman said to the serpent, "From the fruit of the trees of the garden we may eat,
but from the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden God said, 'You shall not eat from it, and you shall not touch it, lest you die.'"
• Here the woman adds "you shall not touch" and softens the death clause to "lest you die" (pen-temutun, consequence clause). Neither addition is divine speech.
• Text does not evaluate this expansion; it simply records it. Preserve; do not import editorial judgment.
And the serpent said to the woman, "Not dying you shall die.
• Same emphatic infinitive-absolute construction. Serpent contradicts the divine word at maximum grammatical force.
• Preserved structurally per Rule 5. Traditional smooth renderings ("you shall not surely die" / "you surely shall not die") blur the parallel; avoided.
For God knows that in the day of your eating from it your eyes shall be opened, and you shall be like God/gods, knowing good and evil."
And the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable to make wise; and she took from its fruit and ate, and she gave also to her man with her, and he ate.
And the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves and made for themselves loin-coverings.
And they heard the voice of YHWH Elohim walking in the garden at the wind of the day, and the human and his woman hid themselves from the face of YHWH Elohim in the midst of the tree of the garden.
And YHWH Elohim called to the human, and said to him, "Where are you?"
And he said, "Your voice I heard in the garden, and I was afraid, for I am naked, and I hid myself."
And he said, "Who told you that you are naked? From the tree which I commanded you not to eat from it, have you eaten?"
And the human said, "The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave to me from the tree, and I ate."
And YHWH Elohim said to the woman, "What is this you have done?" And the woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate."
And YHWH Elohim said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, cursed are you from every livestock and from every living thing of the field; upon your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life.
• Only the serpent and the ground are cursed in Gen 3. The human and woman are addressed but not called arur. Preserve this distinction — popular tradition blurs it.
And enmity I will set between you and between the woman, and between your seed and between her seed; he shall bruise/strike you on the head, and you shall bruise/strike him on the heel."
• שׁוּף (shuf*) used twice with the same form for both actions — on the head and on the heel. Meaning UNCERTAIN: "bruise / strike / crush / attack / aim at." Rare verb (only 3 occurrences in Hebrew Bible).
• Rule 2: preserved via "bruise/strike"; do not adopt "crush" for the first and "bruise" for the second (a traditional interpretive move) — Hebrew uses the same verb form both times.
To the woman he said, "Multiplying I will multiply your toil and your pregnancy; in toil you shall bear sons. And toward your man shall be your desire/turning, and he shall rule over you."
• תְּשׁוּקָה (teshuqah) = UNCERTAIN. Traditional "desire" dominates; recent scholarship proposes "turning / orientation / impulse toward." Root שׁ-ו-ק (sh-w-q). Appears only 3× in Hebrew Bible (here, 4:7, Song 7:11).
• Rule 2: preserve both readings via slash "desire/turning."
• The parallel usage in Gen 4:7 ("sin's teshuqah* is for you, but you must rule over it") colors interpretation strongly but does not resolve Hebrew ambiguity.
• מָשַׁל (mashal) = "rule." Shares the root מ-שׁ-ל (m-sh-l) with מֶמְשֶׁלֶת (memsheleth*, "dominion") used at Gen 1:16, 1:18 for the two great lights ruling over day and night. Different grammatical forms (verb here, noun there) — no Rule 1 violation — but the root echo links the hierarchy in human relationships here to the cosmic hierarchy there. The text states the echo; does not evaluate it.
And to the human he said, "Because you have listened to the voice of your woman, and have eaten from the tree which I commanded you, saying, 'You shall not eat from it,' cursed is the ground because of you; in toil you shall eat from it all the days of your life.
And thorn and thistle it shall bring forth to you, and you shall eat the herb of the field.
In the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, until your returning to the ground, for from it you were taken; for dust you are, and to dust you shall return."
And the human called the name of his woman Chava (Eve), for she was mother of all the living.
• Wordplay: חַי (chay) = "living"; Chava resembles the root. The text makes the connection ("mother of all the living") regardless of whether the etymology is folk or true.
And YHWH Elohim made for the human and for his woman garments of skin, and he clothed them.
• Hebrew does not say from which animal, or whether any animal died. Rule 12 — no false precision; do not elaborate on sacrificial implication.
And YHWH Elohim said, "See, the human has become like one of us to know good and evil; and now, lest he stretch out his hand and take also from the tree of the life, and eat, and live forever…"
• Hebrew sentence breaks off unfinished — no main clause after the "lest" series. Technically aposiopesis (σιωπή, "silence") — a deliberate rhetorical break rather than a mere syntactic anacoluthon. The speaker stops short of stating the consequence. The ellipsis (…) preserves the broken construction. Completion is narrative, not grammatical: v.23 is the implicit apodosis (therefore YHWH Elohim sent him out…).
• Many translations smooth this with inserted main clauses. Rule 5 — do not smooth.
• The text allows the serpent's prediction to stand as partially accurate at the narrative level. Rule 2 — preserve the ambiguity; the text does not resolve whether this means the serpent spoke truth or whether the god-like-knowing is itself the judgment. For fuller discussion, see companion Section A8.
And YHWH Elohim sent him out from the garden of Eden to work the ground from which he was taken.
And he drove out the human; and he caused to dwell at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and the flame of the sword turning, to guard the way of the tree of the life.
Glossary
Supplementary — patterns across the chapter
CROSS-CHAPTER TRACKING (Gen 2 → Gen 3)
• 2:25 arom (naked) → 3:1 arum (crafty) → 3:7, 3:10, 3:11 arom (naked)
• 2:7 adam/adamah → 3:17 adam/adamah cursed → 3:19 return to adamah → 3:23 work the adamah
Infinitive-absolute inversions:
• 2:16 "eating you shall eat" / 2:17 "dying you shall die" / 3:4 "not dying you shall die" (serpent's direct inversion)
• 3:16 "multiplying I will multiply" (positive emphatic — applied to toil)
Verb-of-creation continuity:
• asah (made) — 3:1 (made every living thing), 3:21 (made garments of skin)
• bara, yatzar, banah do not reappear in Gen 3.
Divine name distribution:
• Narrator: YHWH Elohim throughout (vv. 1, 8, 9, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23)
• Serpent & woman in dialogue: Elohim only (vv. 1, 3, 5)
• Human in dialogue with YHWH Elohim: no divine name used (vv. 10, 12)
Article on adam (per Rule 17):
• Throughout Gen 3 mostly ha-adam (the human)
• 3:17 and 3:21: le-adam without article — flagged as transition-zone; formal proper-name use resolves in Gen 4
Firsts in Gen 3:
• First serpent speech (v.1)
• First woman's speech (vv. 2–3)
• First disobedience (v.6)
• First shame/concealment (v.7)
• First hiding from God (v.8)
• First question from God to human (v.9)
• First curse (arur, v.14)
• First prediction of enmity (v.15)
• First naming of woman as individual (v.20 — Chava (Eve))
• First garments (v.21)
• First expulsion (v.23–24)
END OF GENESIS 3 - THE TRANSPARENT TRANSLATION (ENGLISH)